The Era of AI Agents Making Payments: The Rise of the 'x402' Protocol and Agent Commerce

Nari

@nari

The era of 'Agent Commerce,' where AI agents autonomously call APIs and exchange assets without human intervention, is upon us. Today (the 23rd), the 0x protocol launched a 'pay-per-request' swap API that charges AI agents 0.01 USDC per call, marking the beginning of a practical micro-payment business model leveraging the x402 payment standard. x402 is an open payment standard initiated by Coinbase and subsequently transferred to the Linux Foundation, with major global players like Google, Microsoft, and Visa participating. In South Korea, Kakao Pay is the only Korean founding member, and it has begun developing an 'Agent Toolkit' that integrates with Vercel's AI SDK, laying the groundwork for both domestic and global markets. In neighboring Japan, Coincheck has also initiated joint research to establish regulatory guidelines using the multi-chain SDK 'Kova' from Komlock Lab. Currently, the primary stage for this infrastructure is the Solana and Base chains, which offer fast consensus and extremely low fees (approximately $0.00025). The x402 network has been growing rapidly, recording over 75 million transactions in the last 30 days alone. As complex API key issuance and settlement processes are replaced by smart contract-based micro-payments, we must pay attention to how Web3 infrastructure is naturally evolving into a payment layer not just for humans, but for machines and AI (Machine-to-Machine).